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"nmav's Blog: Inside an SSL VPN protocol". Because the SSL VPN network extension runs on top of the SSL protocol, it is simpler to manage and has greater robustness with different network topologies such as firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT) than the higher security of IPsec. Cisco An圜onnect is a Cisco implementation of the thick client. Designing Cisco Network Service Architectures (ARCH): Foundation Learning Guide. I-D draft-mavrogiannopoulos-openconnect-02. The OpenConnect VPN Protocol Version 1.1.
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A graphical client for OpenConnect is also available for Android devices, Īnd it has been integrated into router firmware packages such as OpenWrt. OpenConnect is available on Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, MacOS, and has graphical user interface clients for Windows, GNOME, and KDE. OpenConnect can be built to use either the GnuTLS or OpenSSL libraries for TLS, DTLS and cryptographic primitives. Built-in event loop to handle Dead Peer Detection, keepalive, rekeying, etc.Data transport phase via a UDP-based tunnel (DTLS or ESP), with fallback to a TLS-based tunnel.Server-provided routing configuration, in a protocol-agnostic format, which can be processed by a vpnc-script.Authentication phase via HTTPS (using HTML forms, client certificates, XML, etc.).Initial connection to the VPN server via TLS.The OpenConnect client is written primarily in C, and it contains much of the infrastructure necessary to add additional VPN protocols operating in a similar flow, and to connect to them via a common user interface: These have a very similar structure to the An圜onnect protocol: they authenticate and configure routing over TLS, except that they use ESP for efficient, encrypted transport of tunneled traffic (instead of DTLS), but they too can fall back to TLS-based transport.Īs of May 2020, support for several PPP-based protocols is in development. The OpenConnect client also implements Juniper, Junos Pulse, and GlobalProtect VPN protocols. Modern versions of OpenConnect can be built to use either the GnuTLS or OpenSSL for TLS, DTLS, and cryptographic primitives. Newer versions of Cisco's An圜onnect clients and servers support DTLS 1.2 in its standardized on-the-wire form ( RFC 6347), though they continue to use a non-standard mechanism (based on session resumption) for DTLS key exchange. Because of this, it was difficult to make OpenConnect implement a Cisco-compatible version of DTLS without linking against OpenSSL.Įxplicit support for Cisco's non-standard version of DTLS was included in OpenSSL 0.9.8m (where it is known as DTLS1_BAD_VER) and then GnuTLS 3.2.1 (where it is known as GNUTLS_DTLS0_9). DTLS Ĭisco's proprietary An圜onnect clients and servers were originally built against a patched, 2007 release of OpenSSL 0.9.8f, which implemented a pre-release version of DTLS that was not compatible with DTLS 1.0 as standardized in RFC 4347. OpenConnect's implementation of the An圜onnect protocol is sufficiently complete that some of Cisco's own IP phone devices embed a very old release of OpenConnect (rather than Cisco's own proprietary software) in order to be able to connect to Cisco SSL VPNs. The DTLS protocol used by Cisco An圜onnect servers was based on a non-standard, pre-release draft of DTLS 1.0, until support for the DTLS 1.2 standard was added in 2018. Protocols Cisco An圜onnect Ĭisco An圜onnect VPNs utilize TLS to authenticate and configure routing, then DTLS to efficiently encrypt and transport the tunneled VPN traffic, and can fall back to TLS-based transport where firewalls block UDP-based traffic. Both OpenConnect and ocserv strive to maintain backwards-compatibility with Cisco An圜onnect servers and clients. OpenConnect and ocserv now implement an extended version of the An圜onnect VPN protocol, which has been proposed as an Internet Standard.
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As of 2013, the OpenConnect project also offers an An圜onnect-compatible server, ocserv, and thus offers a full client-server VPN solution.
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